Lloyd Chambers has posted
a doozy of a performance analysis (free) of Lightroom 2.3 running on the Mac. It's very interesting reading for any Lightroom users hereabouts, and strongly suggests that Lightroom has the potential to be drastically more responsive given further optimization.
Subjectively, I'd say the most noticeable real-world performance problem I encounter in Lightroom is lag when the app moves from a low resolution proxy image to a full resolution interpretation of the RAW file. This lag can be minimized somewhat by making sure full-size previews are already pre-rendered. YMMV.