Mark,
The 'thing at the bottom' is called the Dock. Dashboard is the overlay window with utility apps that appears when you hit the F4 key.
Now to fix your main problem:
Under the Apple menu, you will find an item for 'Dock...'
In it, you will see 'Turn Hiding On'
Now when you click the maximise button, it should take all the available real estate including the space used for the Dock previously. If it doesn't, you should be able to drag the bottom of the window from the bottom right corner...
I can't test this sorry, because I don't have the Apps you are using.
That will hopefully eliminate at least one of your gripes
Michael