Look at a 50mm Macro lens. Designed to work at close distances, many will go down to to life size and will give superb results out to infinity.
100/105 Macro lenses are also incredibly sharp, but perhaps a bit on the long side. You would need a huge copy stand column.
Remember that a decent solid copy stand or tripod and a remote release will make more difference than the difference between brands of lens.
If you are into looking at figures
http://www.photodo.com/nav/prodindex.html has a list of lenses with MTF test results
Sigma's 50mm f2.8 EX lens comes out with a score of 4.2 and Canon's 50mm f2.5 gets a score of 4.4.
My Sigma 105 Macro has been an excellent lens giving performance that has looked great in high quality glossy A4 food features. Both the Canon and the Sigma are likely to outperform the resolution of any digital SLR.